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The Science of Chewing
Research
Research shows that sustained chewing supports emotional regulation by promoting a shift from a stress-oriented state toward a more balanced, low-arousal state.
Demonstrated in humans and animal models, chewing reduces cortisol levels (stress hormone). Just like humans chewing gum for pleasure, this highlights the importance of chewing when it comes to lowering arousal when faced with stressors.
Behavioural Origin
From a biological perspective, chewing is a self-regulating behaviour. When a dog chews, rhythmic jaw movement activates parts of the brain associated with calm and focused behaviour. This repetitive action helps shift the nervous system away from a heightened “fight-or-flight” state toward a more relaxed state.
Chewing is an instinctive activity to tell dogs it's okay to slow down. You may have seen your dog seek out something to chew (like a toy or a shoe) during stressful moments such as being left alone, encountering unfamiliar environments, or winding down after excitement.
Brain Chemistry
Chewing stimulates the release and regulation of key neurochemicals involved in emotional balance:
- Serotonin: Supports feelings of calm, emotional stability, and well-being. Science suggests that chewing releases more serotonin in the blood to reduce anxious behaviours.
- Dopamine: Reinforces positive behaviours and provides a sense of reward. Chewing is like a positive feedback cycle: the act of chewing reduces stress, which results in a rewarding sense of relief, and that reward encourages the dog to continue chewing to bring back an emotional balance.
- Cortisol: While cortisol itself is a stress hormone, repetitive behaviours like chewing help prevent prolonged cortisol spikes, allowing levels to return to a balanced baseline.
Calm Dogs, Happy Humans